Public Participation for 21st Century Democracy
Tina Nabatchi & Matt Leighninger
About this resource
Comprehensive framework for thick, thin, and conventional participation — when engagement confers real influence vs. tokenism.
Primary-source companion to Arnstein's ladder in our Research Library. Helps practitioners move up the participation ladder with intent.
Connected on Character Developer
Topics
Related resources
Collaborative Planning in Perspective
Patsy Healey
This article presents a personal review by the author of Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies (1997). It explains how the book came to be written and responds to critiques concerning context, process, social theory, power, and institutionalist analysis, arguing for continued attention to th…
Foundational planning theory proposing a communicative, institutionally grounded framework for spatial planning in fragmented societies.
Deepening Democracy
Archon Fung & Erik Olin Wright
Real Utopias case studies including Porto Alegre participatory budgeting, Chicago decentralization, and Kerala governance.